1
00:00:33,420 --> 00:00:34,979
Second World War.

2
00:00:35,140 --> 00:00:39,896
The Nazis are killing civilians.
It was the sardine method.

3
00:00:40,300 --> 00:00:44,009
The victims squeezed in a box.

4
00:00:44,260 --> 00:00:48,538
It is effective in exterminating
a large number in a short time.

5
00:00:48,700 --> 00:00:51,340
But this movie
will not deal with Nazis.

6
00:00:53,780 --> 00:00:59,093
Hands tied behind the back,
a shot in the neck and a fall

7
00:00:59,380 --> 00:01:02,372
in the huge mass grave.

8
00:01:03,380 --> 00:01:06,611
They were not killed by the Nazis.

9
00:01:06,980 --> 00:01:12,180
They were executed
by one of the Allies — the USSR.

10
00:01:13,700 --> 00:01:17,978
This is how the USSR exterminated
for many years

11
00:01:18,100 --> 00:01:22,139
before and after
having joined the Allies.

12
00:01:23,300 --> 00:01:26,292
No memorial for the victims.

13
00:01:26,500 --> 00:01:29,618
They were buried in
anonymous mass graves.

14
00:01:29,980 --> 00:01:32,369
The murderous state and the states

15
00:01:32,580 --> 00:01:35,299
collaborating with this murderous state

16
00:01:35,460 --> 00:01:38,373
kept silent
on these crimes.

17
00:01:39,180 --> 00:01:46,576
The memory of millions of victims
was erased from history...

18
00:01:51,940 --> 00:01:58,733
SOVIET HISTORY

19
00:02:02,460 --> 00:02:06,772
A film by Edvins Snore

20
00:02:09,460 --> 00:02:13,772
Young people like to provoke
adorning itself with symbols of the past.

21
00:02:14,660 --> 00:02:18,051
The Nazi Swastika
is in very bad taste,

22
00:02:18,300 --> 00:02:20,530
Soviet symbolism, no.

23
00:02:22,620 --> 00:02:25,738
Communism, after all,
was not Nazism.

24
00:02:25,940 --> 00:02:30,696
I! proclaimed equality and harmony.
The idea in itself wasn't bad.

25
00:02:31,780 --> 00:02:33,851
In reality yes.

26
00:02:35,660 --> 00:02:39,574
It contained something that
differentiated it from other utopias.

27
00:02:39,780 --> 00:02:43,091
Lenin believed in
“class struggle”:

28
00:02:43,700 --> 00:02:49,730
True harmony involves
the elimination of a class of people.

29
00:02:52,820 --> 00:02:54,860
VLADIMIR BUKOVSKY
Soviet dissident
The communist takeover,
no matter the country,

30
00:02:54,860 --> 00:02:57,534
VLADIMIR BUKOVSKY
Soviet dissident
The communist takeover,
no matter the country,

31
00:02:57,740 --> 00:03:02,974
Russia, Poland, Cuba,
Nicaragua, China,

32
00:03:03,180 --> 00:03:06,332
starts with the elimination of 10%.

33
00:03:06,540 --> 00:03:08,053
Systematically.

34
00:03:08,260 --> 00:03:11,616
They are not enemies
which they eliminate.

35
00:03:11,780 --> 00:03:14,898
They eliminate for a change
the composition of society.

36
00:03:15,100 --> 00:03:16,454
They shape society.

37
00:03:16,900 --> 00:03:21,770
The most brilliant intellectuals,
good workers and engineers.

38
00:03:21,980 --> 00:03:23,459
They kill them all.

39
00:03:23,660 --> 00:03:28,257
Then they try to structure
a new society.

40
00:03:29,420 --> 00:03:33,015
“Hang at least 100 kulaks!
Shoot the hostages!”

41
00:03:33,180 --> 00:03:36,855
“Do it so that the population
a hundred kilometers around

42
00:03:37,060 --> 00:03:40,178
know it and tremble with fear!”
Lenin.

43
00:03:42,420 --> 00:03:45,253
1917 communist takeover.

44
00:03:45,380 --> 00:03:49,214
Lenin could apply
Marxism in real life!

45
00:03:49,700 --> 00:03:52,055
Those who resisted were shot.

46
00:03:55,660 --> 00:04:00,689
The revolting peasants
were massacred.

47
00:04:01,940 --> 00:04:04,940
NORMAN DAVIES
historian,
university
from Cambridge
Nobody knows
the exact number of deaths,

48
00:04:04,940 --> 00:04:07,250
NORMAN DAVIES
historian,
university
from Cambridge
Nobody knows
the exact number of deaths,

49
00:04:07,460 --> 00:04:12,091
Probably more than 10 million.

50
00:04:14,060 --> 00:04:15,971
But extreme terror could not

51
00:04:16,100 --> 00:04:18,899
crush the resistance of the people,

52
00:04:19,100 --> 00:04:22,536
especially in the parts
non-Russian where prevails

53
00:04:22,740 --> 00:04:27,177
the repression of nationalities.
This was the case in Ukraine.

54
00:04:31,140 --> 00:04:37,091
On 11.09.1932 Stalin wrote
to his colleague Kaganovich:

55
00:04:37,300 --> 00:04:39,735
The situation in Ukraine
is very bad"

56
00:04:40,020 --> 00:04:43,536
If we don't act now,
we risk losing Ukraine.”

57
00:04:43,900 --> 00:04:48,212
Stalin's close circle
developed an action plan.

58
00:04:49,140 --> 00:04:51,780
It was an abominable plan.

59
00:04:53,100 --> 00:04:56,980
During the winter of 1932/33

60
00:04:57,220 --> 00:05:01,737
supply
of Ukraine was arrested.

61
00:05:02,620 --> 00:05:08,332
A police cordon was installed to
prevent the population from fleeing.

62
00:05:09,740 --> 00:05:12,016
At first the population survived.

63
00:05:12,460 --> 00:05:15,816
Cereal reserves
kept them alive.

64
00:05:17,460 --> 00:05:20,532
But that wasn't part
of Stalin's plan.

65
00:05:22,580 --> 00:05:27,814
Stalin ordered the NKVD
to confiscate all grain.

66
00:05:28,140 --> 00:05:31,019
By doing this he knew that he
condemned the population to death.

67
00:05:32,780 --> 00:05:34,620
NIKOLAI MELNIK
survivor of
famine
from 1932-33
Potatoes, beets, cabbage!

68
00:05:34,620 --> 00:05:37,339
NIKOLAI MELNIK
survivor of
famine
from 1932-33
Potatoes, beets, cabbage!

69
00:05:37,940 --> 00:05:43,060
The salted cabbages were taken away
with their barrel.

70
00:05:46,620 --> 00:05:49,897
The seeds were confiscated!

71
00:05:50,180 --> 00:05:51,773
All food was confiscated!

72
00:06:01,420 --> 00:06:03,620
VOLODIMIR SERGIYCHUK
Professor of
kyiv University
Confiscated food,

73
00:06:03,620 --> 00:06:05,975
VOLODIMIR SERGIYCHUK
Professor of
kyiv University
Confiscated food,

74
00:06:06,180 --> 00:06:10,413
we are forbidden to look for it elsewhere,

75
00:06:10,620 --> 00:06:14,818
to buy it, to exchange it
or sell it.

76
00:06:15,860 --> 00:06:18,613
Then there was famine.

77
00:06:38,180 --> 00:06:40,180
BORIS SOKOLOV
historian
They were starving.
They are prohibited from entering the cities.

78
00:06:40,180 --> 00:06:43,093
BORIS SOKOLOV
historian
They were starving.
They are prohibited from entering the cities.

79
00:06:43,300 --> 00:06:48,374
These emaciated peasants, in agony,
were kicked out of the trains.

80
00:06:48,540 --> 00:06:52,056
Many deaths in stations
or along the tracks

81
00:06:52,260 --> 00:06:55,218
to Kharkov, kyiv.

82
00:07:04,300 --> 00:07:07,577
They were slow deaths.

83
00:07:08,140 --> 00:07:13,169
The children were begging for bread.
They lost the notion of fear.

84
00:07:13,420 --> 00:07:18,290
They looked for ears of wheat
in fields guarded by the NKVD.

85
00:07:18,820 --> 00:07:20,857
They were pulled like rabbits.

86
00:07:25,820 --> 00:07:29,779
But the majority died slowly.
At home.

87
00:07:30,780 --> 00:07:34,057
NKVD patrols searched

88
00:07:34,260 --> 00:07:36,297
houses searching for corpses.

89
00:07:36,620 --> 00:07:40,853
They received 200 grams of bread
for each corpse delivered.

90
00:07:42,140 --> 00:07:45,815
They entered the house and
asked: "Where are your dead?"

91
00:07:46,100 --> 00:07:49,980
There was only one woman
half dead in bed.

92
00:07:50,260 --> 00:07:54,891
They said:
,Let's take it! She will die soon.”

93
00:07:55,100 --> 00:07:58,331
You won’t have to come back tomorrow!”

94
00:07:58,540 --> 00:08:02,329
The woman begged: Leave me!
I'm still alive. I want to live!”

95
00:08:07,420 --> 00:08:10,180
MARIJA ZAGUTA
survivor of
famine
from 1932-33
It was horrible!

96
00:08:10,180 --> 00:08:13,298
MARIJA ZAGUTA
survivor of
famine
from 1932-33
It was horrible!

97
00:08:14,660 --> 00:08:20,656
They all threw them into the pit.
The earth was moving!

98
00:08:22,420 --> 00:08:25,060
Many were buried alive.

99
00:08:36,140 --> 00:08:38,336
This place is sacred to me,

100
00:08:38,540 --> 00:08:44,172
famine dead lie here,

101
00:08:44,380 --> 00:08:49,659
among them, parents,
my grandmother.

102
00:09:05,100 --> 00:09:09,298
10 years later, the Nazis
exterminated millions of Jews.

103
00:09:14,140 --> 00:09:16,939
They confiscated their gold,

104
00:09:17,140 --> 00:09:20,531
melted it into ingots
which they deposited in Switzerland.

105
00:09:21,260 --> 00:09:22,898
We don't know what

106
00:09:23,100 --> 00:09:27,776
the communists made gold,
which was confiscated from these victims.

107
00:09:27,980 --> 00:09:31,769
But what did the communists do?
Confiscated grain?

108
00:09:32,700 --> 00:09:38,537
They exported them to the West.
Million tons!

109
00:09:40,620 --> 00:09:42,338
Regardless of famine,

110
00:09:42,540 --> 00:09:46,534
export of wheat from Ukraine
was increased to the maximum.

111
00:09:47,780 --> 00:09:49,851
The Western press

112
00:09:50,060 --> 00:09:52,973
informed about the scale and
on the character of the famine.

113
00:09:54,060 --> 00:09:59,373
Ukrainians were exterminated
with the knowledge of world opinion.

114
00:10:00,860 --> 00:10:04,774
But world opinion did nothing
to help them.

115
00:10:07,860 --> 00:10:11,569
7 million people
died of starvation.

116
00:10:12,620 --> 00:10:15,931
In one year.

117
00:10:17,180 --> 00:10:21,174
The extermination program
the most effective in history:

118
00:10:21,380 --> 00:10:29,572
the genocide in Ukraine
from the winter of 1932-33.

119
00:11:00,300 --> 00:11:01,938
Soviet society

120
00:11:02,140 --> 00:11:04,939
was the first
communist society on earth.

121
00:11:05,140 --> 00:11:07,495
It was a huge
social experimentation.

122
00:11:08,220 --> 00:11:11,451
The slow death of

123
00:11:11,660 --> 00:11:13,651
played an important role

124
00:11:13,860 --> 00:11:17,649
in distorted vision
architects of communism.

125
00:11:19,300 --> 00:11:21,940
I! we must make the revolution,

126
00:11:22,140 --> 00:11:26,657
found the dictatorship of the proletariat,

127
00:11:26,980 --> 00:11:31,780
PIERRE RIGOULOT
historian
so that it is possible
birth of the new man

128
00:11:31,780 --> 00:11:33,578
PIERRE RIGOULOT
historian
so that it is possible
birth of the new man

129
00:11:34,180 --> 00:11:39,129
The creation of the new man
this is the final goal of Marxism.

130
00:11:40,100 --> 00:11:42,979
Create a shape
evolved from human,

131
00:11:43,180 --> 00:11:46,616
which will be different in its appearance,
his way of thinking and acting.

132
00:11:47,500 --> 00:11:50,697
But the communists were not
not alone in this quest.

133
00:11:52,420 --> 00:11:54,616
We must create the new man”!

134
00:11:56,140 --> 00:12:00,930
A new form of life
must appear!

135
00:12:05,100 --> 00:12:09,890
Hitler's National Socialism wants
also create, the new man”.

136
00:12:13,980 --> 00:12:19,373
These two ideological systems

137
00:12:19,540 --> 00:12:21,338
want to create, the new man”

138
00:12:22,020 --> 00:12:25,780
FRANÇOISE THOM
history teacher
at the Sorbonne
These two systems did not accept
not existing human nature.

139
00:12:25,780 --> 00:12:29,330
FRANÇOISE THOM
history teacher
at the Sorbonne
These two systems did not accept
not existing human nature.

140
00:12:30,500 --> 00:12:33,572
They were at war with nature,
with human nature.

141
00:12:34,060 --> 00:12:37,212
This is the essence of totalitarianism.

142
00:12:37,460 --> 00:12:45,094
You find it in both.
The Nazis had false biology,

143
00:12:45,300 --> 00:12:48,975
and the communists
a false sociology.

144
00:12:49,980 --> 00:12:53,416
and the two systems

145
00:12:53,620 --> 00:12:57,818
claimed to be scientific.

146
00:12:59,220 --> 00:13:02,292
The main scientist of Nazism,
Alfred Rosenberg, recognized

147
00:13:02,500 --> 00:13:04,810
before the Nuremberg tribunal

148
00:13:05,020 --> 00:13:08,615
that Hitler had misguided
the idea of National Socialism.

149
00:13:09,460 --> 00:13:14,489
From the perspective of Nazism,
the idea wasn't bad.

150
00:13:14,700 --> 00:13:18,136
Healthy, beautiful people,
blond and happy.

151
00:13:27,700 --> 00:13:29,259
The society of the future.

152
00:13:30,540 --> 00:13:33,054
Without invalids and without Jews.

153
00:13:34,420 --> 00:13:35,979
Almost heaven.

154
00:13:37,340 --> 00:13:40,935
But why the creation of
did National Socialism fail,

155
00:13:41,380 --> 00:13:43,940
just like failed
Soviet socialism?

156
00:13:57,260 --> 00:14:00,457
Both left
thousands of mass graves,

157
00:14:01,300 --> 00:14:03,496
with millions of deaths.

158
00:14:07,100 --> 00:14:08,852
A coincidence?

159
00:14:16,860 --> 00:14:18,740
GEORGE WATSON
teacher of
literature,
university of
Cambridge
Few people know that,
alone, the socialists

160
00:14:18,740 --> 00:14:21,858
GEORGE WATSON
teacher of
literature,
university of
Cambridge
Few people know that,
alone, the socialists

161
00:14:22,060 --> 00:14:25,212
have publicly advocated
genocide in the 19th and 20th centuries.

162
00:14:25,500 --> 00:14:30,290
This is a little known fact.
This seems shocking.

163
00:14:30,860 --> 00:14:34,694
I have given conferences here
and in other universities,

164
00:14:34,900 --> 00:14:38,018
Each time the audience was shocked.

165
00:14:43,060 --> 00:14:46,974
WHY THE ASSASSINATION
IS ESSENTIAL

166
00:14:47,340 --> 00:14:50,810
This appears the first time
in January 1849

167
00:14:50,980 --> 00:14:55,019
in Marx's diary,
the Neue Reinische Zeitung.

168
00:14:55,580 --> 00:15:00,893
Engels explains
class struggle.

169
00:15:01,660 --> 00:15:07,690
The socialist revolution
will be done through class struggle.

170
00:15:08,300 --> 00:15:12,419
In Europe there are companies
who in their development

171
00:15:12,660 --> 00:15:17,177
are two degrees backward,
not having achieved capitalism.

172
00:15:17,620 --> 00:15:24,811
He spoke of the Basques, the Bretons,
highlanders, serbs.

173
00:15:25,700 --> 00:15:33,255
He called them
racial waste”.

174
00:15:33,860 --> 00:15:35,931
I! will have to be eliminated,

175
00:15:36,140 --> 00:15:41,658
because being two degrees backward
in the historical struggle,

176
00:15:41,820 --> 00:15:45,779
it will be impossible
to make them revolutionaries.

177
00:15:46,380 --> 00:15:54,140
He spoke of vulgarity and
the dirt of the Slavic peoples.

178
00:15:54,300 --> 00:16:03,015
He believed that Poland
had no reason to exist.

179
00:16:04,020 --> 00:16:06,409
“Classes, races too weak

180
00:16:06,620 --> 00:16:08,816
to adapt to
new living conditions

181
00:16:09,020 --> 00:16:10,897
will have to fade away!

182
00:16:11,100 --> 00:16:17,938
They will have to disappear in
the revolutionary holocaust”. K. Marx

183
00:16:18,500 --> 00:16:20,093
Marx started it.

184
00:16:20,340 --> 00:16:25,335
He founded the
modern political genocide.

185
00:16:25,580 --> 00:16:30,973
I don't know any thinkers
European of the modern period,

186
00:16:31,180 --> 00:16:33,456
before Marx and Engels,

187
00:16:33,660 --> 00:16:37,210
who publicly advocated
racial extermination.

188
00:16:37,380 --> 00:16:40,736
I couldn't find anything before this date:
I assume they are pitching the idea.

189
00:16:45,220 --> 00:16:49,054
Lenin studied carefully
the theories of Marx and Engels -

190
00:16:49,260 --> 00:16:52,730
the man who created the
first Marxist state on earth.

191
00:16:55,300 --> 00:16:58,258
A year after Lenin's death in 1924

192
00:16:58,460 --> 00:17:01,293
the New York Times
published a short article,

193
00:17:01,460 --> 00:17:04,259
which went unnoticed at the time.

194
00:17:05,620 --> 00:17:09,250
It concerned a party
newly created in Germany.

195
00:17:10,020 --> 00:17:12,455
“The National Socialist Party
work,

196
00:17:12,660 --> 00:17:15,015
led by Adolf Hitler,

197
00:17:15,220 --> 00:17:18,736
supports the idea that Lenin and
Hitler are comparable!”

198
00:17:19,820 --> 00:17:23,575
Who says it?
A certain Dr. Goebbels.

199
00:17:24,580 --> 00:17:27,811
“When the speaker affirmed that
Lenin was the greatest man,

200
00:17:28,020 --> 00:17:31,615
just after Hitler, and that
the difference between communism

201
00:17:31,820 --> 00:17:34,573
and Hitler's vision was minimal,

202
00:17:34,780 --> 00:17:38,136
there was a fight in the room

203
00:17:41,100 --> 00:17:45,651
Amazing! The future Nazi minister
Goebbels propaganda

204
00:17:45,860 --> 00:17:47,612
proclaims that the difference

205
00:17:47,820 --> 00:17:52,894
between Lenin's communism
and Hitler's vision is minimal.

206
00:17:56,660 --> 00:18:00,858
We see that this was not
to the taste of voters.

207
00:18:01,060 --> 00:18:03,620
The Nazis changed tactics.

208
00:18:15,340 --> 00:18:18,731
The initial posters disappeared.

209
00:18:20,100 --> 00:18:22,057
They no longer displayed

210
00:18:22,180 --> 00:18:24,330
their resemblance
with the communists.

211
00:18:26,460 --> 00:18:33,139
But in their private discussions
the Nazis and Hitler were clear.

212
00:18:35,140 --> 00:18:41,534
Hitler repeated that he had
learned a lot from Marxism:

213
00:18:42,380 --> 00:18:45,611
all of national socialism

214
00:18:45,820 --> 00:18:48,653
finds its foundation there.

215
00:18:56,220 --> 00:18:58,131
People forget,

216
00:18:58,340 --> 00:19:01,014
that the Nazi regime
in Germany was socialist.

217
00:19:01,220 --> 00:19:02,300
VLADIMIR BUKOVSKY
Soviet dissident
Officially it was called

218
00:19:02,300 --> 00:19:03,938
VLADIMIR BUKOVSKY
Soviet dissident
Officially it was called

219
00:19:04,140 --> 00:19:06,495
National Socialist Labor Party.

220
00:19:06,700 --> 00:19:08,293
It was a branch of socialism.

221
00:19:08,460 --> 00:19:10,815
In the USSR there was
internationalist socialists,

222
00:19:11,020 --> 00:19:13,660
in Germany
nationalist socialists.

223
00:19:13,860 --> 00:19:18,650
They are one and the same thing.
A slightly different interpretation.

224
00:20:03,780 --> 00:20:05,420
FRANÇOISE THOM
history teacher,
at the Sorbonne
Part of the left chooses
Hitler. At least in France.

225
00:20:05,420 --> 00:20:07,172
FRANÇOISE THOM
history teacher,
at the Sorbonne
Part of the left chooses
Hitler. At least in France.

226
00:20:07,380 --> 00:20:10,452
Part of the socialists

227
00:20:10,660 --> 00:20:13,334
joined Hitler's camp.

228
00:20:14,780 --> 00:20:17,977
The popular playwright
Bernard Shaw

229
00:20:18,180 --> 00:20:20,217
supported Hitler in the press.

230
00:20:20,460 --> 00:20:23,134
The left supported Hitler, not because

231
00:20:23,340 --> 00:20:25,013
that he had deceived them.

232
00:20:25,220 --> 00:20:28,451
They knew Hitler was going to kill.
Hitler did not hide it.

233
00:20:28,620 --> 00:20:32,011
In reality the left
supported him for this reason.

234
00:20:33,300 --> 00:20:36,656
Everyone knows at least
half a dozen people

235
00:20:36,820 --> 00:20:39,016
which have no use here below.

236
00:20:39,220 --> 00:20:41,291
Who are a greater burden
than what they are worth.

237
00:20:41,500 --> 00:20:44,458
You have to ask them directly:
could you please

238
00:20:44,660 --> 00:20:47,857
justify your existence?

239
00:20:48,140 --> 00:20:53,852
"If you can't
justify your existence,

240
00:20:54,060 --> 00:20:58,099
if you don't produce as much
that you consume or more,

241
00:20:58,300 --> 00:21:07,015
then we can't
ask the company

242
00:21:07,220 --> 00:21:11,930
to keep you alive."

243
00:21:14,340 --> 00:21:19,858
Bernard Shaw believed
to category murder.

244
00:21:20,060 --> 00:21:22,290
Not necessarily by racial category,
but by other categories: such

245
00:21:22,500 --> 00:21:25,253
the incapable or the non-productive.

246
00:21:26,340 --> 00:21:29,492
Eliminate parasites from society

247
00:21:29,740 --> 00:21:32,254
was the basic thesis
of Marx's socialism.

248
00:21:32,660 --> 00:21:35,254
In a London newspaper he invited

249
00:21:35,460 --> 00:21:39,010
scientists to invent
a humanitarian gas.

250
00:21:40,220 --> 00:21:43,895
nI invite chemists to invent
a humanitarian gas

251
00:21:44,100 --> 00:21:46,660
who kills
instantly and painlessly.

252
00:21:46,980 --> 00:21:51,053
Who kills, but humanitarian.”

253
00:21:55,340 --> 00:21:58,776
Ten years later
this gas was invented.

254
00:21:59,780 --> 00:22:02,249
Its name: Zyklon-B.

255
00:22:03,340 --> 00:22:06,253
The man who led
convenient use,

256
00:22:06,460 --> 00:22:08,690
Adolf Eichmann, testified

257
00:22:08,900 --> 00:22:13,531
that thanks to Zyklon-B death
at Auschwitz was without suffering.

258
00:22:14,620 --> 00:22:16,770
Zyklon-B was a humanitarian gas.

259
00:22:17,660 --> 00:22:21,540
Yes, Eichmann used
the same argument.

260
00:22:24,460 --> 00:22:28,419
It must be said that Bernard Shaw, and
the left as a whole,

261
00:22:28,620 --> 00:22:31,180
did not approve of Nazism at all.

262
00:22:31,380 --> 00:22:34,975
Because Hitler had totally
disfigured Marxism.

263
00:22:35,220 --> 00:22:40,010
Gasping people based on their
ethnic origin was unacceptable!

264
00:22:40,340 --> 00:22:43,856
The determining criterion
must have been social class.

265
00:22:44,500 --> 00:22:46,218
Hitler had understood everything wrong.

266
00:22:46,420 --> 00:22:49,492
It was necessary to kill completely
other categories!

267
00:22:53,180 --> 00:22:56,969
The only truly Marxist state
was the USSR.

268
00:22:57,780 --> 00:23:01,410
He strictly exterminated
based on Marx's theory -

269
00:23:01,660 --> 00:23:03,219
class enemies.

270
00:23:03,700 --> 00:23:07,614
Basically the process was similar
to the extermination of the Jews.

271
00:23:08,540 --> 00:23:13,774
We started by ridiculing
and humiliate the victims

272
00:23:14,980 --> 00:23:19,019
then we executed them,
by millions.

273
00:23:26,460 --> 00:23:30,931
Let's go unmask them!

274
00:23:31,140 --> 00:23:34,258
Later also the others!

275
00:23:34,420 --> 00:23:38,732
Don't be afraid!

276
00:23:49,300 --> 00:23:53,976
If the enemy does not submit
not, it must be eliminated.

277
00:23:57,460 --> 00:24:00,540
ALEKSANDER GURJANOV
association
"Memorial",
Moscow
In the 1930s, we introduced
this execution technique.

278
00:24:00,540 --> 00:24:04,420
ALEKSANDER GURJANOV
association
"Memorial",
Moscow
In the 1930s, we introduced
this execution technique.

279
00:24:04,620 --> 00:24:10,093
Each administrative region
had its designated place

280
00:24:10,260 --> 00:24:13,730
to bury the corpses.

281
00:24:15,380 --> 00:24:18,259
There were shootings in the prisons.

282
00:24:18,460 --> 00:24:21,976
In the basements
there were execution premises

283
00:24:22,180 --> 00:24:25,571
with concrete walls and
channels to drain the blood.

284
00:24:26,940 --> 00:24:29,614
The prisoner was taken
through a corridor at, Red Corner”.

285
00:24:29,820 --> 00:24:34,451
There it took place
a final identity check.

286
00:24:34,660 --> 00:24:37,812
The victim gave his identity.

287
00:24:38,020 --> 00:24:40,375
Then we introduced it into the room

288
00:24:40,900 --> 00:24:45,133
he received a bullet in the back of the head.

289
00:24:48,460 --> 00:24:51,900
NICOLAS WERTH
co-author of
“Black Book of
communism”
Yes, we executed by shooting
a bullet in the head.

290
00:24:51,900 --> 00:24:55,018
NICOLAS WERTH
co-author of
“Black Book of
communism”
Yes, we executed by shooting
a bullet in the head.

291
00:24:55,220 --> 00:25:01,330
Usually in groups of

292
00:25:01,580 --> 00:25:08,896
a hundred or several hundred every night.

293
00:25:10,340 --> 00:25:14,254
Bodies loaded on trucks,

294
00:25:14,460 --> 00:25:17,976
transported out of town and
buried in the forest.

295
00:25:18,420 --> 00:25:21,173
This is the Bikivna forest near kyiv.

296
00:25:21,700 --> 00:25:24,897
Old people will not forget
never trucks,

297
00:25:25,100 --> 00:25:30,493
which rolled every night.
Blood was dripping on the road.

298
00:25:33,460 --> 00:25:37,249
Access was prohibited
to parents for 50 years.

299
00:25:37,900 --> 00:25:42,019
They created this memorial which
the monuments are the trees.

300
00:25:43,260 --> 00:25:46,457
Every tree in this forest
is girded with a shawl,

301
00:25:46,620 --> 00:25:49,373
remembering the innocent victims,

302
00:25:49,620 --> 00:25:53,818
mercilessly executed
and who rest here.

303
00:26:01,340 --> 00:26:07,256
Bikivna, Butovo, Leningrad,
Vinnica, Kharkov...

304
00:26:07,860 --> 00:26:10,374
Mass graves cover the entire country.

305
00:26:24,180 --> 00:26:27,138
A whole generation of children
lost their parents

306
00:26:27,380 --> 00:26:30,736
and became homeless.

307
00:26:31,340 --> 00:26:35,334
Millions asked for alms
on the streets of Soviet cities.

308
00:26:36,500 --> 00:26:38,730
It was an embarrassing sight,

309
00:26:38,980 --> 00:26:42,610
especially when foreign guests
visited Moscow.

310
00:26:42,820 --> 00:26:45,289
Stalin solved this problem.

311
00:26:45,900 --> 00:26:52,772
By mid-1930, there was
the homeless problem,

312
00:26:52,940 --> 00:26:57,013
Stalin decided to execute
children from the age of 12.

313
00:27:03,140 --> 00:27:07,691
We executed day and night

314
00:27:07,900 --> 00:27:10,255
in the largest country in the world.

315
00:27:10,500 --> 00:27:15,529
Stalin came to organize
quota executions.

316
00:27:16,020 --> 00:27:20,412
For example, 100,000
in the Tombov district.

317
00:27:20,780 --> 00:27:24,216
Every capture and execution
was totaled in the quota.

318
00:27:24,620 --> 00:27:28,818
The names didn't matter.
When the quota was reached,

319
00:27:28,980 --> 00:27:32,860
the authorities informed Stalin

320
00:27:33,060 --> 00:27:35,495
and asked him
an additional quota!

321
00:27:35,820 --> 00:27:37,740
VLADIMIR KARPOV
former colonel
of the GRU
Khrushchev asked
increasing its quota!

322
00:27:37,740 --> 00:27:40,573
VLADIMIR KARPOV
former colonel
of the GRU
Khrushchev asked
increasing its quota!

323
00:27:40,780 --> 00:27:44,660
His quota allowed him
to execute 7 to 8,000 enemies”.

324
00:27:44,780 --> 00:27:48,455
He asked:,Please increase
my quota up to 17,000!”

325
00:27:49,340 --> 00:27:51,729
The additional quota was granted.

326
00:27:51,900 --> 00:27:54,892
When the quota was filled,
the authorities asked for the next one.

327
00:27:55,100 --> 00:28:00,857
And so on. Murder,
murder and murder.

328
00:28:01,580 --> 00:28:03,580
MIKHAIL GORBACHEV
president
of the USSR
Stalin was dripping blood!
I saw the resolutions,

329
00:28:03,580 --> 00:28:06,459
MIKHAIL GORBACHEV
president
of the USSR
Stalin was dripping blood!
I saw the resolutions,

330
00:28:06,660 --> 00:28:08,776
which he signed in bundles!

331
00:28:08,980 --> 00:28:12,052
With Molotov, Voroshilov,
Kaganovich, Zhdanov.

332
00:28:12,300 --> 00:28:15,372
These were the five most active.
Molotov always added more

333
00:28:15,620 --> 00:28:18,738
by transforming, 10 years”
in, to death” By the packets!

334
00:29:07,700 --> 00:29:09,980
NATALIA LEBEDEVA
historian
The result:
from 1937 to 1941

335
00:29:09,980 --> 00:29:12,813
NATALIA LEBEDEVA
historian
The result:
from 1937 to 1941

336
00:29:13,020 --> 00:29:16,376
repression of 11 million.

337
00:29:16,580 --> 00:29:19,299
Unimaginable!

338
00:29:19,500 --> 00:29:23,016
Such was the scale of the
repression against his own people!

339
00:29:23,380 --> 00:29:27,135
I think that the world, in all
the cases Europe has never known

340
00:29:27,300 --> 00:29:33,854
such extermination,

341
00:29:34,060 --> 00:29:36,495
nor by its scale,
nor by its nature.

342
00:29:38,780 --> 00:29:40,657
In Europe there was a man who

343
00:29:40,860 --> 00:29:44,376
studied the evolution of Russia.
Hitler.

344
00:29:45,380 --> 00:29:49,169
Executing millions of people
in such a short time

345
00:29:49,380 --> 00:29:51,132
was truly mind-blowing.

346
00:29:51,380 --> 00:29:56,659
The Holocaust was not yet
just an idea in Hitler's head.

347
00:30:07,140 --> 00:30:10,735
PREPARING
THE NEW WORLD ORDER.

348
00:30:34,700 --> 00:30:38,739
The distorted view of the world
Hitler was taking shape in reality.

349
00:30:38,940 --> 00:30:42,217
[I annexed Austria,
occupied Czechoslovakia.

350
00:30:42,420 --> 00:30:44,650
It was clear to everyone:

351
00:30:44,860 --> 00:30:48,933
To avoid disaster
Hitler had to be stopped.

352
00:30:49,660 --> 00:30:53,574
But Stalin refused to be part
of the coalition against Hitler.

353
00:30:54,700 --> 00:30:56,820
VLADIMIR BUKOVSKY
Soviet dissident
The idea was to eliminate
the old order in Europe.

354
00:30:56,820 --> 00:30:59,050
VLADIMIR BUKOVSKY
Soviet dissident
The idea was to eliminate
the old order in Europe.

355
00:30:59,260 --> 00:31:01,137
This was Stalin's goal.

356
00:31:01,340 --> 00:31:05,413
Let Hitler play the wrong role.
Let him eliminate the old order.

357
00:31:05,620 --> 00:31:09,090
No more parliaments, no more unions,
armies, governments.

358
00:31:09,260 --> 00:31:13,777
Then would come Stalin
as a liberator.

359
00:31:14,260 --> 00:31:19,539
Millions in the camps
hoping for a deliverer.

360
00:31:19,740 --> 00:31:22,573
And Stalin with the Red Army
would come as a liberator.

361
00:31:22,780 --> 00:31:24,009
It was his plan.

362
00:31:27,020 --> 00:31:31,218
But Hitler had neither the means,
nor secure borders at the back,

363
00:31:31,420 --> 00:31:33,536
Ito start a global war.

364
00:31:33,740 --> 00:31:38,769
August 23, 1939 Hitler and
Stalin makes a pact,

365
00:31:38,980 --> 00:31:42,211
which guaranteed Germany
secure eastern borders

366
00:31:42,420 --> 00:31:45,538
and a wide supply
strategic resources,

367
00:31:45,700 --> 00:31:49,250
what the agreements provided for
subsequent economics.

368
00:31:49,460 --> 00:31:55,615
August 24 Ribbentrop reports
to Hitler about his visit to Moscow.

369
00:31:56,220 --> 00:31:58,211
Hitler is jubilant!

370
00:31:58,340 --> 00:32:02,459
He has everything he needs to
start world war!

371
00:32:06,660 --> 00:32:11,052
On September 1, 1939, Hitler
attacked Poland from the west.

372
00:32:11,420 --> 00:32:14,776
Poland resisted the Nazis,

373
00:32:14,980 --> 00:32:16,857
but on September 17

374
00:32:17,060 --> 00:32:21,372
Poland was attacked
from the east through the USSR!

375
00:32:26,260 --> 00:32:30,740
SERGEI SLUC
historian
The Soviet decision
to attack Poland

376
00:32:30,740 --> 00:32:35,257
SERGEI SLUC
historian
The Soviet decision
to attack Poland

377
00:32:35,420 --> 00:32:42,178
according to the standards of
international law is not

378
00:32:42,420 --> 00:32:45,651
nothing other than aggression.

379
00:32:47,620 --> 00:32:51,011
Luftwaffe bombers
bombed Polish cities

380
00:32:51,220 --> 00:32:55,453
Soviet radio from Minsk
gave the coordinates of the targets.

381
00:33:17,900 --> 00:33:20,414
The Red Army had an aspect
different at that time.

382
00:33:22,020 --> 00:33:28,255
It started the 2nd World War
side by side with the SS.

383
00:33:30,420 --> 00:33:34,414
Local populations
could not distinguish them.

384
00:33:34,860 --> 00:33:40,094
In order not to be mistaken,
they both greeted them.

385
00:33:42,900 --> 00:33:44,860
NORMAN DAVIES
historian,
university
from Cambridge
The German army met the Army
red in the middle of Poland.

386
00:33:44,860 --> 00:33:47,090
NORMAN DAVIES
historian,
university
from Cambridge
The German army met the Army
red in the middle of Poland.

387
00:33:47,340 --> 00:33:53,530
The two totalitarian monsters —
the Soviet and the Nazi,

388
00:33:53,740 --> 00:33:56,573
Poland was divided between them.

389
00:33:58,380 --> 00:34:02,931
The Soviet press spoke of a
fight against Polish fascism.

390
00:34:03,180 --> 00:34:06,616
Peaceful Nazi Germany and
the USSR fought together

391
00:34:06,820 --> 00:34:09,892
aggressive Polish fascism.

392
00:34:17,180 --> 00:34:20,218
The world didn't know that
the two dictators had started

393
00:34:20,420 --> 00:34:23,219
agree more than on Poland.

394
00:34:23,460 --> 00:34:27,579
In the secret protocol signed
in the Kremlin on the threshold of war,

395
00:34:27,820 --> 00:34:31,700
Hitler and Stalin
had divided Europe between them.

396
00:34:33,380 --> 00:34:39,092
He was not in
the initial draft of the pact.

397
00:34:40,100 --> 00:34:43,809
As weird as it sounds,

398
00:34:44,020 --> 00:34:50,892
the initiator of this secret protocol
was Stalin.

399
00:34:55,020 --> 00:34:57,375
But we denied it,

400
00:34:57,580 --> 00:35:04,976
because the protocol was so aggressive
that he could not be Soviet.

401
00:35:05,420 --> 00:35:10,096
That's why we denied it
until the last day.

402
00:35:11,140 --> 00:35:15,134
Under this secret protocol,
Hitler gave Stalin the green light

403
00:35:15,340 --> 00:35:17,490
to occupy
a series of European states.

404
00:35:18,500 --> 00:35:21,891
The first on the list
was Finland.

405
00:35:23,140 --> 00:35:25,420
ARI VATANEN
deputy of
European Parliament
During the first bombings
on Helsinki in November 1939,

406
00:35:25,420 --> 00:35:31,500
ARI VATANEN
deputy of
European Parliament
During the first bombings
on Helsinki in November 1939,

407
00:35:31,500 --> 00:35:36,460
the Finns thought that the
Russian planes had gotten lost,

408
00:35:36,460 --> 00:35:40,010
that they were bombing Helsinki by mistake.

409
00:35:40,340 --> 00:35:43,139
Russian bombers are circling
again above Helsinki.

410
00:35:43,340 --> 00:35:45,980
A new wave of destruction.

411
00:35:46,180 --> 00:35:48,171
The heart beats faster seeing,

412
00:35:48,380 --> 00:35:51,452
bombs destroy houses!

413
00:35:53,940 --> 00:35:56,978
Moscow qualifies Finland
of fascist regime

414
00:35:57,180 --> 00:35:59,740
and began a massive offensive.

415
00:36:09,620 --> 00:36:11,577
It was a disaster.

416
00:36:12,500 --> 00:36:16,255
Toll: a third of a million dead,

417
00:36:16,420 --> 00:36:18,411
of frozen and wounded Russians.

418
00:36:20,460 --> 00:36:26,809
Little Finland resisted
to the largest army in the world.

419
00:36:27,020 --> 00:36:29,136
But it was very, very expensive.

420
00:36:30,740 --> 00:36:34,699
My father lost four brothers.

421
00:36:34,900 --> 00:36:36,857
Four!
That's a lot for a family.

422
00:36:37,420 --> 00:36:40,299
We paid this price
because our neighbor

423
00:36:40,500 --> 00:36:43,811
was not a democratic state.

424
00:36:45,900 --> 00:36:49,973
The Finnish flag still flies.
Even though the grief is overwhelming,

425
00:36:50,180 --> 00:36:53,616
they risk losing their freedom,
their condition, they continue the fight!

426
00:36:57,180 --> 00:36:59,057
Another overview of Helsinki!

427
00:36:59,260 --> 00:37:04,972
The camera fixes the dangers that
make the children chase the bombs.

428
00:37:10,100 --> 00:37:13,855
People crowd against
the facades to protect themselves.

429
00:37:14,100 --> 00:37:16,614
It's a war against
women and children.

430
00:37:17,180 --> 00:37:20,218
The Russians, unable to defeat,

431
00:37:20,340 --> 00:37:23,651
fold while burning
and destroying.

432
00:37:25,260 --> 00:37:27,934
The aggression against Finland

433
00:37:28,140 --> 00:37:31,371
led to the exclusion of the USSR
of the League of Nations.

434
00:37:31,580 --> 00:37:36,575
The argument for the fight against
Finnish fascism was ridiculous.

435
00:37:37,820 --> 00:37:42,769
Only three states were condemned
as aggressor by the League of Nations:

436
00:37:43,100 --> 00:37:47,651
Militarist Japan,
fascist Italy and

437
00:37:47,860 --> 00:37:49,578
Nazi Germany.

438
00:37:50,540 --> 00:37:54,010
The Soviet Union joined them.

439
00:37:55,620 --> 00:38:00,740
The USSR only had one
only ally in Europe: Hitler.

440
00:38:06,500 --> 00:38:08,730
Hitler led a
blitzkrieg in the west.

441
00:38:08,940 --> 00:38:13,013
Occupied Denmark, Belgium,
Holland, Luxembourg.

442
00:38:17,700 --> 00:38:21,250
Norway was occupied
with direct assistance from the USSR.

443
00:38:21,460 --> 00:38:23,576
Stalin transmitted to the Nazis

444
00:38:23,780 --> 00:38:26,056
use of the fleet base
Soviet near Murmansk,

445
00:38:26,260 --> 00:38:29,139
from which
Hitler attacked Norway.

446
00:38:29,300 --> 00:38:35,649
When Germany decided
the end of the use of the base,

447
00:38:36,180 --> 00:38:38,300
Admiral Raeder sent a letter to

448
00:38:38,300 --> 00:38:43,215
Admiral Raeder sent a letter to

449
00:38:43,380 --> 00:38:49,456
commander of the Soviet fleet
Kuznecov thanking him,

450
00:38:49,580 --> 00:38:55,895
for the help received
by the German fleet.

451
00:38:57,580 --> 00:39:01,050
Stalin wrote to Ribbentrop:

452
00:39:01,260 --> 00:39:05,299
The friendship between Germany and
the USSR is strengthened by blood"

453
00:39:05,700 --> 00:39:09,853
This is the blood of the victims killed
by the Soviets and the Nazis.

454
00:39:10,820 --> 00:39:13,050
And it was truly a friendship.

455
00:39:17,140 --> 00:39:21,816
Soviet and Nazi officers
discussed the progress of the war.

456
00:39:26,020 --> 00:39:28,580
It is December 1939.

457
00:39:29,740 --> 00:39:33,699
Progress was good and
even better prospects.

458
00:39:34,940 --> 00:39:36,772
This was a reason to celebrate.

459
00:39:49,140 --> 00:39:53,611
The USSR was the main supplier
of the Nazi war machine.

460
00:39:55,460 --> 00:40:00,739
Thousands of tons of oil,
iron ore, materials,

461
00:40:00,980 --> 00:40:05,258
whole trains of Soviet wheat
were sent to Germany.

462
00:40:10,180 --> 00:40:14,139
The USSR suffered from a shortage,

463
00:40:14,340 --> 00:40:18,174
But the government sent
food to Hitler.

464
00:40:27,140 --> 00:40:29,370
The USSR went even further.

465
00:40:29,500 --> 00:40:32,094
She persuaded the
European communist parties

466
00:40:32,300 --> 00:40:36,259
to sabotage the resistance
and supporting the Nazis.

467
00:40:36,980 --> 00:40:42,259
"It is nice to see the
Parisian workers conversing

468
00:40:42,460 --> 00:40:45,498
with German soldiers
like with friends.”

469
00:40:45,700 --> 00:40:49,056
“Very well, comrades! Continue!”

470
00:40:49,260 --> 00:40:52,059
"Even if it does not please the
middle class. The brotherhood

471
00:40:52,260 --> 00:40:57,539
will not always remain a hope.
It will become a reality!”

472
00:40:57,860 --> 00:41:01,819
This is the communist party
French in July 1940.

473
00:41:08,100 --> 00:41:11,138
Today the communist party,

474
00:41:11,340 --> 00:41:14,696
says he resisted the Nazis

475
00:41:14,900 --> 00:41:20,612
well before 1941,
when Hitler attacked the USSR.

476
00:41:21,060 --> 00:41:22,980
PIERRE RIGOULOT
historian

477
00:41:22,980 --> 00:41:28,134
PIERRE RIGOULOT
historian

478
00:41:28,340 --> 00:41:34,689
In reality they opposed each other
more to Pétain than to the Germans.

479
00:41:42,620 --> 00:41:45,817
In June 1940
Hitler crushed France.

480
00:41:46,180 --> 00:41:50,139
Stalin occupied Lithuania,
Latvia and Estonia.

481
00:41:50,340 --> 00:41:52,138
The only state in Europe,

482
00:41:52,300 --> 00:41:54,655
who continued to resist Hitler
was Great Britain.

483
00:41:55,180 --> 00:42:00,095
If Britain is defeated,
the Axis states will control

484
00:42:00,300 --> 00:42:06,251
Europe, Asia, Africa,
Australia and the oceans.

485
00:42:06,460 --> 00:42:14,140
They will have military power

486
00:42:14,260 --> 00:42:17,810
threatening this hemisphere.

487
00:42:18,100 --> 00:42:22,731
For President Roosevelt,
The USSR was one of the Axis states.

488
00:42:23,220 --> 00:42:27,259
It was clear to everyone that Stalin
belonged to the fascist camp.

489
00:42:33,460 --> 00:42:36,737
Molotov went to Berlin

490
00:42:36,940 --> 00:42:39,819
to discuss
of the post-war world order.

491
00:42:43,740 --> 00:42:47,973
He came with a list of territories
in which the USSR was interested.

492
00:42:48,860 --> 00:42:51,693
While Hitler and Molotov
discussed it,

493
00:42:51,900 --> 00:42:56,417
the rest of the Soviet delegation
enjoyed the company of Goebbels.

494
00:42:56,660 --> 00:42:59,778
No doubt he was talking
of the advantages of Nazism,

495
00:43:00,060 --> 00:43:05,373
it's Molotov, not Goebbels
who encouraged Westerners

496
00:43:05,580 --> 00:43:08,333
not to fight Nazi ideology.

497
00:43:08,820 --> 00:43:10,015
Much more!

498
00:43:10,220 --> 00:43:13,895
addressing the Supreme Soviet
Molotov declared,

499
00:43:14,100 --> 00:43:17,570
That the fight against ideology
Fascism is a crime!

500
00:43:18,260 --> 00:43:22,140
This was printed in all
largest Soviet newspapers.

501
00:43:22,340 --> 00:43:26,732
Later this leaf disappeared
libraries of the USSR, with

502
00:43:26,900 --> 00:43:30,689
other pro-Nazi statements
of the Soviet government.

503
00:43:31,580 --> 00:43:36,609
Why the fight against Nazism
was criminalized by the Soviets?

504
00:43:39,620 --> 00:43:42,533
Because mass liquidations
and concentration camps

505
00:43:42,740 --> 00:43:45,016
were based on this ideology.

506
00:43:45,220 --> 00:43:48,736
Work sets you free!”
in the Nazi camps

507
00:43:49,260 --> 00:43:52,571
The work is an honor!”
in Soviet camps.

508
00:43:53,060 --> 00:43:56,132
If someone undertook to
fight this ideology,

509
00:43:56,340 --> 00:44:00,732
he should also fight the regime
Soviet. Molotov understood this.

510
00:44:01,740 --> 00:44:04,129
In fact he had personally

511
00:44:04,340 --> 00:44:08,220
supervised the elimination of

512
00:44:08,420 --> 00:44:11,776
Himmiler supervised
the elimination of the Jews.

513
00:44:11,980 --> 00:44:13,698
Both agreed,

514
00:44:13,900 --> 00:44:18,337
that, for the common good, certain
groups had to be eliminated.

515
00:44:25,060 --> 00:44:28,416
Churchill considered,
that the Nazi ideologies and

516
00:44:28,620 --> 00:44:31,658
communist were very similar.

517
00:44:31,860 --> 00:44:36,616
For him Nazism was
a variant of communism.

518
00:44:37,380 --> 00:44:39,656
“Hateful communist despotism”,

519
00:44:39,820 --> 00:44:42,778
as Churchill called it in 1940
who ends up winning.

520
00:44:42,980 --> 00:44:46,450
With the support of the Allies.

521
00:44:47,620 --> 00:44:52,774
Here the commemoration of
60th anniversary of Victory.

522
00:44:53,060 --> 00:44:55,097
A historic parade,
no less historic.

523
00:44:55,580 --> 00:45:00,609
that the first Soviet parade
of the Second World War,

524
00:45:01,060 --> 00:45:03,700
together with the Nazis.

525
00:45:53,780 --> 00:45:58,172
USSR does not display
his parades under the Nazi flag.

526
00:45:59,740 --> 00:46:04,211
Moscow portrays itself as
an epic anti-fascist fighter.

527
00:46:04,820 --> 00:46:06,458
Many believed him.

528
00:46:08,140 --> 00:46:12,293
Many Jews fled
USSR to protect itself from Hitler.

529
00:46:13,220 --> 00:46:17,054
And Stalin did the incredible.

530
00:46:19,260 --> 00:46:26,371
They gave them back to the Gestapo!
As a gesture of friendship.

531
00:46:43,220 --> 00:46:49,011
COLLABORATION
SOVIET WITH THE SS

532
00:46:50,020 --> 00:46:52,455
See these photos again.

533
00:46:52,660 --> 00:46:58,053
Soviet officers salute
their SS colleagues: A Nazi salute.

534
00:47:00,900 --> 00:47:10,810
The Nazi SS and the Soviet NKVD

535
00:47:11,020 --> 00:47:13,091
collaborated closely.

536
00:47:13,940 --> 00:47:18,252
Archives reveal
the extent of this collaboration.

537
00:47:18,540 --> 00:47:22,090
Very long lists of
German communists and Jews,

538
00:47:22,300 --> 00:47:25,099
that the USSR delivered to the Nazis.

539
00:47:26,100 --> 00:47:29,855
December 1937,
April 1938,

540
00:47:30,820 --> 00:47:34,814
May 1938,
November 1938...

541
00:47:35,700 --> 00:47:39,819
The majority disappeared
in the Nazi camps.

542
00:47:40,020 --> 00:47:42,899
But the SS-NKVD collaboration

543
00:47:43,100 --> 00:47:46,411
was not limited to
the extradition of common enemies.

544
00:47:46,740 --> 00:47:49,573
The NKVD instructed the Gestapo!

545
00:47:52,260 --> 00:47:59,018
Soviet terror
already been working for 20 years

546
00:47:59,220 --> 00:48:01,291
when the Nazis started.

547
00:48:02,020 --> 00:48:04,260
VIKTOR SUVOROV
former agent
of the GRU
A delegation from the Gestapo and
of the SS came to the USSR

548
00:48:04,260 --> 00:48:07,013
VIKTOR SUVOROV
former agent
of the GRU
A delegation from the Gestapo and
of the SS came to the USSR

549
00:48:07,500 --> 00:48:13,849
to learn to build
concentration camps.

550
00:48:16,420 --> 00:48:20,379
Soviet officers were going
in Nazi-occupied Krakow

551
00:48:20,580 --> 00:48:22,890
to meet their SS colleagues.

552
00:48:23,100 --> 00:48:26,809
The Jewish question
was on the agenda.

553
00:48:27,020 --> 00:48:30,695
Soviet representatives
coordinated the transportation of Jews

554
00:48:30,860 --> 00:48:35,457
personally with the
SS Brigadeführer Otto Wächter,

555
00:48:35,620 --> 00:48:38,260
who was one of the architects
of the Holocaust.

556
00:48:38,460 --> 00:48:40,974
He transferred the Jews to
the Krakow ghetto

557
00:48:41,180 --> 00:48:45,219
then organized their extermination
in the gas chambers.

558
00:48:48,140 --> 00:48:53,419
Russia no longer denies
collaboration of the USSR with the SS.

559
00:48:54,100 --> 00:48:59,652
She denies that this collaboration
was based on a formal written agreement.

560
00:49:03,020 --> 00:49:05,250
In German...

561
00:49:05,460 --> 00:49:07,531
Beria's signature.

562
00:49:13,620 --> 00:49:16,931
Translation from German:

563
00:49:17,620 --> 00:49:19,930
SS Reichsführer, head of
Main security service

564
00:49:20,140 --> 00:49:22,097
Berlin, November 3, 1938.

565
00:49:22,260 --> 00:49:24,570
“Based on this power,
my representative,

566
00:49:24,780 --> 00:49:28,330
SS Standartenfuhrer Mueller
is competent to sign in Moscow

567
00:49:28,500 --> 00:49:31,697
the cooperation agreement between NKVD

568
00:49:31,820 --> 00:49:35,290
and the Main Service
German security.

569
00:49:35,500 --> 00:49:38,970
We have high hopes

570
00:49:39,140 --> 00:49:43,179
in strengthening peace and
security between our states.”

571
00:49:43,340 --> 00:49:45,536
Signed: SS Groupenführer Heydrich.

572
00:49:51,940 --> 00:49:57,413
“To be attached to the main document.
Lavrentiy Beria.

573
00:49:59,420 --> 00:50:02,856
This document was taken from
the president's archive in Moscow

574
00:50:03,100 --> 00:50:07,298
by one of its archivists.
It was shown on Russian TV.

575
00:50:07,860 --> 00:50:11,569
Later this document disappeared
from the TV archives.

576
00:50:22,180 --> 00:50:26,219
Unlike the official Kremlin,
former Soviet leaders,

577
00:50:26,420 --> 00:50:30,937
who had access to the archive
of the CC (now of the President),

578
00:50:31,140 --> 00:50:33,256
confirm the existence of the agreement.

579
00:50:34,100 --> 00:50:37,730
Vladimir Karpov,
retired Soviet colonel

580
00:50:37,940 --> 00:50:40,056
hero of the Soviet Union,

581
00:50:40,260 --> 00:50:44,458
member of the CC.

582
00:51:00,020 --> 00:51:02,489
We met Karpov
in his Moscow apartment

583
00:51:02,700 --> 00:51:04,771
prosp.Kutuzov 26,

584
00:51:04,980 --> 00:51:10,453
in the building
of Andropov and Brezhnev.

585
00:51:11,620 --> 00:51:20,495
The secret agreement was signed between
the KGB (then NKVD) and the Gestapo

586
00:51:20,700 --> 00:51:23,294
on collaboration.

587
00:51:23,900 --> 00:51:29,134
I was accused of lying.
We had been internationalists,

588
00:51:29,340 --> 00:51:34,176
so we could not conclude
such an agreement...

589
00:51:35,580 --> 00:51:38,980
NATALIA LEBEDEVA
historian
This contradiction is surprising.
On the one hand, Stalin's regime is

590
00:51:38,980 --> 00:51:43,372
NATALIA LEBEDEVA
historian
This contradiction is surprising.
On the one hand, Stalin's regime is

591
00:51:43,820 --> 00:51:47,580
recognized criminal, On the other hand in
foreign policy this regime

592
00:51:47,580 --> 00:51:50,254
would not be criminal.

593
00:51:50,460 --> 00:51:54,579
A criminal regime acts in a way
criminal in all areas.

594
00:51:54,820 --> 00:51:57,050
Also in foreign policy.

595
00:51:57,300 --> 00:51:59,769
It must be recognized!

596
00:52:00,540 --> 00:52:03,612
But Moscow does not recognize it.

597
00:52:03,820 --> 00:52:06,573
She doesn't recognize nature
criminal of the Soviet regime.

598
00:52:06,780 --> 00:52:08,817
The documents that prove it,

599
00:52:09,020 --> 00:52:10,977
are systematically
declared falsified.

600
00:52:11,180 --> 00:52:14,218
For example, the secret protocol
of the division of Europe

601
00:52:14,420 --> 00:52:19,733
The Kremlin's denial is supported
by a Western historian

602
00:52:19,940 --> 00:52:24,776
David Irving, better known as
Holocaust denier.

603
00:52:25,060 --> 00:52:28,690
But why does he deny
the authenticity of the document?

604
00:52:29,380 --> 00:52:32,736
We get lost in conjectures.
Quote from the document:

605
00:52:33,300 --> 00:52:36,019
“The NKVD proposed to the government

606
00:52:36,220 --> 00:52:38,336
of the USSR a program,

607
00:52:38,540 --> 00:52:41,896
to reduce the number of Jews
in state structures

608
00:52:42,100 --> 00:52:45,331
and to prohibit the access of Jews

609
00:52:45,540 --> 00:52:48,976
in the areas of
culture and education.

610
00:52:49,780 --> 00:52:52,818
Signed: head of the GUGB of
Interior Commissionerate,

611
00:52:53,820 --> 00:52:54,810
Beria.

612
00:52:55,020 --> 00:52:59,014
the representative of the head of the Office
head of the German Security Service,

613
00:52:59,140 --> 00:53:00,858
Muller.

614
00:53:04,060 --> 00:53:07,576
It's shocking!
But it is even more shocking,

615
00:53:07,740 --> 00:53:11,256
that in today's Russia
these actions of Stalin

616
00:53:11,460 --> 00:53:14,134
are justified at the highest level.

617
00:53:15,460 --> 00:53:18,930
The former Russian minister
of Defense, Igor Radionov.

618
00:53:21,500 --> 00:53:24,413
It was a real war.

619
00:53:24,740 --> 00:53:28,699
A war against
Jewish fascism inside the country.

620
00:53:31,060 --> 00:53:34,655
Radionov is far from being a case
isolated in today's Russia,

621
00:53:34,860 --> 00:53:38,535
For him, helping Hitler fight
Jews in the 1930s

622
00:53:38,740 --> 00:53:41,380
was actually a fight
noble against fascism -

623
00:53:42,020 --> 00:53:45,650
Jewish fascism, like
it is now called in Russia.

624
00:53:47,060 --> 00:53:52,419
1939, Stalin fired his minister
of Foreign Affairs Litvinov.

625
00:53:53,660 --> 00:53:56,060
BORIS SOKOLOV
historian
...because being Jewish
Litvinov could not

626
00:53:56,060 --> 00:53:59,610
BORIS SOKOLOV
historian
...because being Jewish
Litvinov could not

627
00:53:59,820 --> 00:54:05,372
conclude an agreement with Germany.

628
00:54:06,060 --> 00:54:07,698
Litvinov was fired.

629
00:54:07,900 --> 00:54:12,770
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Soviet was surrounded by the NKVD.

630
00:54:13,380 --> 00:54:15,100
NORMAN DAVIES
historian,
university
from Cambridge
And Stalin gave the order:
“Clean the synagogue!”

631
00:54:15,100 --> 00:54:20,129
NORMAN DAVIES
historian,
university
from Cambridge
And Stalin gave the order:
“Clean the synagogue!”

632
00:54:20,460 --> 00:54:27,412
Vocabulary worthy of Hitler.

633
00:54:28,700 --> 00:54:35,049
But Stalin was also
capable of this.

634
00:54:37,740 --> 00:54:40,334
Trotsky informed of his exile

635
00:54:40,580 --> 00:54:43,413
the world of anti-Semitism
of Stalin

636
00:54:43,620 --> 00:54:47,659
and rapprochement
between Stalin and Hitler.

637
00:54:48,540 --> 00:54:54,809
Stalin's police, the GPU,
is similar to the Nazi Gestapo.

638
00:54:55,100 --> 00:54:58,730
Trotsky's statements
became embarrassing for the Kremlin.

639
00:54:58,940 --> 00:55:02,774
Trotsky was aware
that every speech

640
00:55:02,980 --> 00:55:05,210
could be the last.

641
00:55:05,940 --> 00:55:11,219
But even at his worst
nightmares he could not imagine,

642
00:55:11,420 --> 00:55:14,617
that his death would be so horrible.

643
00:55:14,980 --> 00:55:17,620
Stalin sent
his agent in Mexico.

644
00:55:17,860 --> 00:55:22,570
He introduced himself to Trotsky and
planted an ice ax in his skull.

645
00:55:23,380 --> 00:55:29,410
Trotsky died after
2 days of extreme suffering.

646
00:55:30,580 --> 00:55:34,813
During Stalin's time, the Kremlin
did not argue with his critics.

647
00:55:36,500 --> 00:55:38,571
He executed them.

648
00:55:51,340 --> 00:55:53,729
The USSR, like Nazi Germany,

649
00:55:53,940 --> 00:55:56,216
don't just commit
crimes.

650
00:55:56,420 --> 00:55:59,492
It was a criminal enterprise
by nature.

651
00:56:00,580 --> 00:56:03,333
To become a member of
Stalin's Politburo, it was necessary

652
00:56:03,540 --> 00:56:07,820
assume responsibility for carrying out murders.
To gain confidence.

653
00:56:07,820 --> 00:56:08,059
assume responsibility for carrying out murders.
To gain confidence.

654
00:56:08,260 --> 00:56:10,456
Exactly like
in a criminal gang.

655
00:56:11,140 --> 00:56:14,531
Stalin rarely signed
alone the execution orders.

656
00:56:14,740 --> 00:56:17,300
Other members of the Politburo

657
00:56:17,500 --> 00:56:19,855
also had to countersign
execution orders.

658
00:56:21,420 --> 00:56:21,740
Those who condemned
Stalin's actions,

659
00:56:21,740 --> 00:56:24,334
Those who condemned
Stalin's actions,

660
00:56:24,580 --> 00:56:27,220
were also responsible
mass executions.

661
00:56:29,060 --> 00:56:32,337
Comrades were linked
by common crimes.

662
00:56:32,660 --> 00:56:35,660
They had no other way out than
to commit new crimes.

663
00:56:35,660 --> 00:56:38,732
They had no other way out than
to commit new crimes.

664
00:56:44,980 --> 00:56:46,618
In March 1940

665
00:56:46,820 --> 00:56:49,580
in the forest near Katyn were
excavated 8 huge pits.

666
00:56:49,580 --> 00:56:51,378
in the forest near Katyn were
excavated 8 huge pits.

667
00:56:51,660 --> 00:56:53,936
Trucks brought
prisoners:

668
00:56:54,220 --> 00:56:59,533
Polish army reservists
doctors, engineers, teachers.

669
00:56:59,740 --> 00:57:01,970
They were ordered to come down.

670
00:57:02,180 --> 00:57:03,500
No one should know
their destiny.

671
00:57:03,500 --> 00:57:05,138
No one should know
their destiny.

672
00:57:05,340 --> 00:57:10,733
But the noise of cars in the background
woods worried the gamekeeper.

673
00:57:11,340 --> 00:57:13,456
He was imprisoned for 25 years.

674
00:57:13,660 --> 00:57:16,413
Under an assumed name.

675
00:57:16,620 --> 00:57:17,420
He was not executed,
we don't know why.

676
00:57:17,420 --> 00:57:21,459
He was not executed,
we don't know why.

677
00:57:21,700 --> 00:57:23,060
VLADIMIR BUKOVSKY
Soviet dissident
He was simply imprisoned.

678
00:57:23,060 --> 00:57:24,971
VLADIMIR BUKOVSKY
Soviet dissident
He was simply imprisoned.

679
00:57:25,180 --> 00:57:29,060
It is an established fact.
- What did he see?

680
00:57:29,180 --> 00:57:31,620
He saw that the NKVD was executing them.
A big pit.

681
00:57:31,620 --> 00:57:33,418
He saw that the NKVD was executing them.
A big pit.

682
00:57:33,740 --> 00:57:37,973
Each, a bullet in the back of the neck.

683
00:57:38,180 --> 00:57:43,619
Their hands were tied,
on the edge of the pit

684
00:57:43,820 --> 00:57:45,540
we would kneel them and shoot.

685
00:57:45,540 --> 00:57:46,291
we would kneel them and shoot.

686
00:57:57,980 --> 00:57:59,460
It was the Politburo which decided

687
00:57:59,460 --> 00:58:01,974
It was the Politburo which decided

688
00:58:02,180 --> 00:58:05,775
to execute all
prisoners of these three camps.

689
00:58:15,780 --> 00:58:22,015
The carnage of Katyn was the first
extermination on this scale.

690
00:58:22,380 --> 00:58:26,135
The Nazi massacres
will follow later.

691
00:58:26,300 --> 00:58:27,300
The Katyn Massacre Begins
industrial extermination,

692
00:58:27,300 --> 00:58:30,372
The Katyn Massacre Begins
industrial extermination,

693
00:58:30,580 --> 00:58:32,491
who transformed the
World War II

694
00:58:32,740 --> 00:58:37,052
in the bloodiest conflict
of the history of humanity.

695
00:59:01,340 --> 00:59:06,210
After Katyn, the USSR made
massacres regularly:

696
00:59:06,460 --> 00:59:09,060
Riga, Tartu, Lviv, Minsk.

697
00:59:09,060 --> 00:59:09,970
Riga, Tartu, Lviv, Minsk.

698
00:59:10,860 --> 00:59:14,012
Often parents could not
not identify the corpses.

699
00:59:14,220 --> 00:59:17,815
The intensive torture had them
completely disfigured.

700
00:59:18,700 --> 00:59:22,455
The USSR had become
the ally of the West.

701
00:59:22,660 --> 00:59:22,980
The nail-pulling Chekists,
tongue cutters, thrusters

702
00:59:22,980 --> 00:59:25,972
The nail-pulling Chekists,
tongue cutters, thrusters

703
00:59:26,180 --> 00:59:30,617
nails in skulls,

704
00:59:30,820 --> 00:59:33,460
took advantage of
Western aid.

705
00:59:35,180 --> 00:59:36,900
British law
on war crimes

706
00:59:36,900 --> 00:59:37,059
British law
on war crimes

707
00:59:37,260 --> 00:59:40,013
guarantees them immunity
in Great Britain:

708
00:59:40,220 --> 00:59:45,090
war crimes were not
perpetrated only by the Germans.

709
00:59:48,260 --> 00:59:50,820
You ask what is our goal?
In a word: victory.

710
00:59:50,820 --> 00:59:53,460
You ask what is our goal?
In a word: victory.

711
00:59:54,380 --> 00:59:57,418
Victory at all costs!

712
01:00:05,740 --> 01:00:10,018
The West has lived 60 years
with conviction,

713
01:00:10,220 --> 01:00:12,814
that all crimes
were Nazi crimes.

714
01:00:13,020 --> 01:00:15,933
It's very difficult to change.

715
01:00:17,540 --> 01:00:18,660
Will Europe be able to integrate

716
01:00:18,660 --> 01:00:22,176
Will Europe be able to integrate

717
01:00:22,380 --> 01:00:27,773
this criminal page
in its history? Hard to say.

718
01:00:28,620 --> 01:00:32,580
Mass extermination
is mass extermination.

719
01:00:32,580 --> 01:00:33,172
Mass extermination
is mass extermination.

720
01:00:35,100 --> 01:00:39,298
No distinction
between criminals on both sides.

721
01:00:40,180 --> 01:00:41,853
And yet it is the case.

722
01:01:32,500 --> 01:01:37,131
Soviet officers executed
more than 20,000 unarmed people,

723
01:01:37,340 --> 01:01:39,013
and were decorated.

724
01:01:39,460 --> 01:01:42,180
Major Soprunenko,
executioner in Katyn,

725
01:01:42,180 --> 01:01:42,533
Major Soprunenko,
executioner in Katyn,

726
01:01:43,340 --> 01:01:45,780
VIKTOR SUVOROV
former agent
of the GRU
received the Medal of Honor.

727
01:01:45,780 --> 01:01:48,499
VIKTOR SUVOROV
former agent
of the GRU
received the Medal of Honor.

728
01:01:48,940 --> 01:01:50,817
It was a working decoration.

729
01:01:51,900 --> 01:01:55,973
But Serov,
future director of the KGB,

730
01:01:56,180 --> 01:01:56,260
for the execution of officers
Polish, received the order of Lenin,

731
01:01:56,260 --> 01:01:59,696
for the execution of officers
Polish, received the order of Lenin,

732
01:01:59,900 --> 01:02:02,016
the highest distinction of the USSR.

733
01:02:08,340 --> 01:02:10,180
During this war, there were more
of 27 million Soviet deaths.

734
01:02:10,180 --> 01:02:13,491
During this war, there were more
of 27 million Soviet deaths.

735
01:02:14,420 --> 01:02:16,536
The Communist Party

736
01:02:16,740 --> 01:02:18,697
minimized this figure.

737
01:02:18,820 --> 01:02:23,132
For what? Because only one
part was killed by the Germans.

738
01:02:24,500 --> 01:02:29,620
The Red Army was followed
by the KGB army

739
01:02:29,820 --> 01:02:36,260
who pulled forward with
its tanks and machine guns,

740
01:02:36,460 --> 01:02:38,020
so that no one can back down.

741
01:02:38,020 --> 01:02:39,374
so that no one can back down.

742
01:02:45,940 --> 01:02:50,411
Victor Baturine, president of the association.
of military history Russia tells

743
01:02:50,620 --> 01:02:51,940
that after the combat the units
of the NKVD were raking the field of

744
01:02:51,940 --> 01:02:54,250
that after the combat the units
of the NKVD were raking the field of

745
01:02:54,460 --> 01:02:57,134
battle to snatch

746
01:02:57,340 --> 01:03:00,731
identification plates
Soviet dead to return

747
01:03:00,940 --> 01:03:03,216
impossible to identify them.

748
01:03:04,180 --> 01:03:05,860
No other state in the world
does not treat his dead in this way.

749
01:03:05,860 --> 01:03:08,978
No other state in the world
does not treat his dead in this way.

750
01:03:12,780 --> 01:03:16,136
The results of the practices
inhumane people of the USSR

751
01:03:16,340 --> 01:03:19,780
more than a million citizens
rallied to the Germans.

752
01:03:19,780 --> 01:03:20,338
more than a million citizens
rallied to the Germans.

753
01:03:22,460 --> 01:03:26,533
I swear to obey the orders of the

754
01:03:26,780 --> 01:03:32,970
Commander-in-Chief Adolf Hitler.

755
01:03:36,180 --> 01:03:38,569
They were turned against
their own people.

756
01:03:39,380 --> 01:03:43,499
Those who protested,
were mercilessly punished.

757
01:03:44,580 --> 01:03:47,620
If we discover
provocateurs among us,

758
01:03:47,620 --> 01:03:49,452
If we discover
provocateurs among us,

759
01:03:49,660 --> 01:03:52,539
we will liquidate them without mercy!

760
01:03:56,500 --> 01:03:59,652
The war was coming to an end.

761
01:04:02,260 --> 01:04:04,376
Stalin was at the height of his glory

762
01:04:05,380 --> 01:04:09,613
He knew no one would dare
judge the winner of Hitler.

763
01:04:09,980 --> 01:04:14,736
At the end of the war he committed
part of his greatest crimes.

764
01:04:18,580 --> 01:04:24,258
Stalin deported a dozen
of peoples in their entirety!

765
01:04:24,460 --> 01:04:27,179
Young and old!
Women and men.

766
01:04:27,380 --> 01:04:29,380
Even the communists.

767
01:04:29,380 --> 01:04:30,131
Even the communists.

768
01:04:30,580 --> 01:04:33,698
Islands deported to Central Asia,
in Kazakhstan. The Chechens.

769
01:04:33,900 --> 01:04:39,532
the Ingush, the Kalmuks, the
Karachai, the Crimean Tatars.

770
01:04:39,820 --> 01:04:42,460
Twelve entire peoples deported!

771
01:04:43,260 --> 01:04:43,300
Soviet deportations,
larger in volume

772
01:04:43,300 --> 01:04:47,089
Soviet deportations,
larger in volume

773
01:04:47,300 --> 01:04:51,339
were similar
to SS deportations.

774
01:04:52,020 --> 01:04:54,819
Descriptions
are terrible!

775
01:04:55,380 --> 01:04:57,220
60-70 people per
wagon without toilets.

776
01:04:57,220 --> 01:05:02,169
60-70 people per
wagon without toilets.

777
01:05:02,500 --> 01:05:06,255
Tight to the point of

778
01:05:06,460 --> 01:05:09,339
having to stand.

779
01:05:09,540 --> 01:05:11,140
When the train stopped, we disembarked
hundreds of corpses.

780
01:05:11,140 --> 01:05:15,373
When the train stopped, we disembarked
hundreds of corpses.

781
01:05:19,700 --> 01:05:23,380
EMMA KORPA
survivor
of the Gulag
We pulled the sleds
to the cemetery

782
01:05:23,380 --> 01:05:27,897
EMMA KORPA
survivor
of the Gulag
We pulled the sleds
to the cemetery

783
01:05:30,860 --> 01:05:38,660
My son was taken to the cemetery,
in the absence of guards.

784
01:05:38,660 --> 01:05:41,379
My son was taken to the cemetery,
in the absence of guards.

785
01:05:41,980 --> 01:05:47,976
Not being prisoners, the children
were buried in the civil cemetery.

786
01:05:48,220 --> 01:05:52,418
The prisoners were
buried in a swamp.

787
01:05:54,380 --> 01:06:05,257
When another child died,
I accompanied him too.

788
01:06:06,100 --> 01:06:06,500
It was the last time that
I could see my son's grave.

789
01:06:06,500 --> 01:06:14,817
It was the last time that
I could see my son's grave.

790
01:07:02,100 --> 01:07:02,180
In May 1945,
the Allies defeated Hitler.

791
01:07:02,180 --> 01:07:06,094
In May 1945,
the Allies defeated Hitler.

792
01:07:07,380 --> 01:07:10,657
These photos were
shown in the West.

793
01:07:11,060 --> 01:07:14,018
A Nazi camp after the liberation.

794
01:07:15,340 --> 01:07:16,100
Few really understood
what they saw.

795
01:07:16,100 --> 01:07:19,411
Few really understood
what they saw.

796
01:07:19,660 --> 01:07:22,937
Camps prepared for
receive new prisoners.

797
01:07:23,900 --> 01:07:27,370
The USSR did not close the Nazi camps,

798
01:07:27,580 --> 01:07:30,020
but continued to
use after the war.

799
01:07:30,020 --> 01:07:30,691
but continued to
use after the war.

800
01:07:31,460 --> 01:07:35,055
The agreements that Stalin
concludes with the West,

801
01:07:35,260 --> 01:07:38,093
influenced all
Europe for 50 years.

802
01:07:38,300 --> 01:07:40,700
CHRISTOPHER BEASLEY
historian,
deputy to
European Parliament
Even if the crimes of both
diets were comparable,

803
01:07:40,700 --> 01:07:43,980
CHRISTOPHER BEASLEY
historian,
deputy to
European Parliament
Even if the crimes of both
diets were comparable,

804
01:07:43,980 --> 01:07:44,651
CHRISTOPHER BEASLEY
historian,
deputy to
European Parliament
Even if the crimes of both
diets were comparable,

805
01:07:44,780 --> 01:07:50,253
the political result in the end
of the war was very different.

806
01:07:51,380 --> 01:07:55,772
It was very different for the people
from Western and Eastern Europe.

807
01:07:56,420 --> 01:07:58,660
INESE VAIDERE
deputy to
European Parliament
The USSR established

808
01:07:58,660 --> 01:08:01,459
INESE VAIDERE
deputy to
European Parliament
The USSR established

809
01:08:01,660 --> 01:08:03,697
many Russians in
the occupied Baltic States.

810
01:08:04,340 --> 01:08:07,412
This was a clear violation
of the Geneva Conventions,

811
01:08:07,580 --> 01:08:11,539
which prohibits the deportation of
civilian inhabitants of an occupied state.

812
01:08:12,460 --> 01:08:19,412
It also affected my family.
In 1945, Soviet officers,

813
01:08:19,660 --> 01:08:28,250
by threatening them with their weapons
expelled my grandparents

814
01:08:29,620 --> 01:08:34,012
from their apartment
to settle there with their families.

815
01:08:35,860 --> 01:08:40,696
The Kremlin cleaned up
ethnic in the Baltic States,

816
01:08:40,900 --> 01:08:45,133
ensuring the majority to the settlers
Russians in the big Baltic cities.

817
01:08:45,420 --> 01:08:48,811
Estonians, Latvians
and the Lithuanians were

818
01:08:49,020 --> 01:08:52,900
loaded into wagons
cattle and deported to Siberia.

819
01:08:55,060 --> 01:08:59,816
The small Baltic peoples were
brought to the brink of extinction.

820
01:09:03,700 --> 01:09:06,658
Deportations, assassinations
and the torture

821
01:09:06,860 --> 01:09:10,376
became the reality of
post-war for millions.

822
01:09:10,580 --> 01:09:14,210
Concentration camps
covered Siberia and Europe.

823
01:09:15,580 --> 01:09:19,699
In many camps there were
medical experiments.

824
01:09:20,340 --> 01:09:22,570
In the Butugichaga camp
in Magadan

825
01:09:22,780 --> 01:09:26,296
the KGB used
thousands of prisoners for

826
01:09:26,500 --> 01:09:28,889
experiments on the brain.

827
01:09:30,180 --> 01:09:34,014
Many of them were alive
at the time of the experiment.

828
01:09:42,900 --> 01:09:45,892
All this took place
after the defeat of Nazism

829
01:09:46,100 --> 01:09:49,013
and the erection of monuments to the
memory of the victims of Nazism.

830
01:09:49,220 --> 01:09:51,370
Victims of the camps
of Soviet death

831
01:09:51,580 --> 01:09:53,696
were buried in
numbered pits.

832
01:09:55,020 --> 01:09:56,977
here there is no monument.

833
01:09:58,100 --> 01:10:03,891
What a pile of victims' shoes.
And children's shoes.

834
01:10:12,580 --> 01:10:17,814
Aware of impunity, the KGB
after the war terrorized the inhabitants,

835
01:10:18,020 --> 01:10:21,729
giving free rein to
their lowest instincts.

836
01:10:25,340 --> 01:10:28,420
RITA PAPINA
survivor
of the Gulag
We went out.
There was a pool of blood.

837
01:10:28,420 --> 01:10:31,412
RITA PAPINA
survivor
of the Gulag
We went out.
There was a pool of blood.

838
01:10:35,540 --> 01:10:44,779
We collected it in a pot.
It was our father's blood.

839
01:10:50,460 --> 01:10:53,020
It's hard to talk about it.

840
01:10:54,860 --> 01:11:00,458
As if the scar is bleeding again

841
01:11:29,780 --> 01:11:32,932
This was drawn by a
KGB prison guard,

842
01:11:33,140 --> 01:11:36,690
who served for 33 years in
the prison system of the USSR.

843
01:11:37,460 --> 01:11:40,612
He described his daily life.

844
01:11:51,620 --> 01:11:55,853
Who were these people who
perpetrated these atrocities?

845
01:11:56,700 --> 01:12:00,409
For example, one of them,
Janis Dzintars.

846
01:12:02,420 --> 01:12:05,617
A Chekist in Latvia
occupied by the Soviets.

847
01:12:05,900 --> 01:12:09,859
He was well known for his
brutality against women.

848
01:12:11,220 --> 01:12:15,373
Victims' testimonies
reveal a horrible scene.

849
01:12:16,340 --> 01:12:20,413
The women were
beaten and tortured

850
01:12:20,620 --> 01:12:25,410
for 20 hours straight.
Few people can stand it.

851
01:12:26,260 --> 01:12:29,173
The wife of Ernest Valtmanis

852
01:12:29,380 --> 01:12:33,613
Veronika, was beaten and tortured
by Dintars for 4 days.

853
01:12:34,780 --> 01:12:39,980
In the end she committed suicide by
hanging in his prison cell.

854
01:12:53,660 --> 01:12:57,733
When the USSR collapsed,
Dzintars took refuge in Russia.

855
01:12:58,020 --> 01:13:00,580
Moscow refused to extradite Dzintars,

856
01:13:00,780 --> 01:13:03,693
deserving veteran for Russia.

857
01:13:05,620 --> 01:13:08,089
With these KGB veterans

858
01:13:08,300 --> 01:13:12,214
the USSR terrorized and
tortured innocent people.

859
01:13:12,780 --> 01:13:17,456
They guarded death camps
where millions were exterminated and

860
01:13:17,660 --> 01:13:21,335
thousands were used in
medical experiments.

861
01:13:21,700 --> 01:13:25,489
Many of the veterans of these
camps are still alive.

862
01:13:26,180 --> 01:13:30,617
Unlike their colleagues in
the SS, they are proud of their crimes.

863
01:13:31,100 --> 01:13:35,856
They are proud of the USSR which
allowed them to accomplish them.

864
01:13:37,660 --> 01:13:39,180
VLADIMIR PUTIN
former officer
of the KGB
First of all, it must be recognized,

865
01:13:39,180 --> 01:13:41,251
VLADIMIR PUTIN
former officer
of the KGB
First of all, it must be recognized,

866
01:13:41,460 --> 01:13:43,258
that the collapse of the USSR

867
01:13:43,460 --> 01:13:48,978
was the greatest disaster
geopolitics of the century.

868
01:13:51,980 --> 01:13:54,415
Nobody wants to recognize

869
01:13:54,620 --> 01:13:58,250
that his ancestors
were murderers.

870
01:14:02,460 --> 01:14:04,420
ANDRE BRIE
deputy of
Parliament
European
I think that Russia's duty,
as heiress of the USSR

871
01:14:04,420 --> 01:14:08,618
ANDRE BRIE
deputy of
Parliament
European
I think that Russia's duty,
as heiress of the USSR

872
01:14:08,820 --> 01:14:12,495
is to investigate

873
01:14:12,740 --> 01:14:17,576
crimes and on the system.

874
01:14:18,620 --> 01:14:22,693
Until this day,
they are not ready to do it.

875
01:14:23,260 --> 01:14:25,376
At least, under governments
of Gorbachev and Yeltsin

876
01:14:25,580 --> 01:14:29,369
these crimes were not glorified.

877
01:14:30,220 --> 01:14:33,736
With Putin, we are witnessing
a completely different approach.

878
01:14:33,940 --> 01:14:41,051
Russia continues to follow
traces of the USSR.

879
01:14:41,260 --> 01:14:45,174
Any attack against the USSR is
seen as an attack on

880
01:14:48,780 --> 01:14:51,613
against today's Russia.
Russian identity

881
01:14:51,820 --> 01:14:57,930
is inseparable from belonging
to a great empire.

882
01:14:58,220 --> 01:14:59,980
WOJCIECH ROSZKOWSKI
Member of Parliament
European
When they lost the empire
they thought they were losing their identity.

883
01:14:59,980 --> 01:15:02,779
WOJCIECH ROSZKOWSKI
Member of Parliament
European
When they lost the empire
they thought they were losing their identity.

884
01:15:03,140 --> 01:15:06,815
$This inferiority complex
and this national humiliation,

885
01:15:07,020 --> 01:15:10,058
what did Germany feel?
after the 1st World War

886
01:15:10,220 --> 01:15:12,131
and Russia after
the collapse of the USSR,

887
01:15:12,340 --> 01:15:17,369
is a fertile ground
for the new Nazis.

888
01:15:18,780 --> 01:15:25,732
This is exactly what led
Germany to fascism.

889
01:15:28,780 --> 01:15:33,729
Moscow, November 4,
National Unity Day”.

890
01:15:36,100 --> 01:15:39,730
As soon as Putin took power,

891
01:15:39,940 --> 01:15:42,216
and the 2nd Chechen War

892
01:15:42,420 --> 01:15:46,015
there is xenophobic propaganda
massive scale orchestrated by those in power.

893
01:15:49,700 --> 01:15:54,297
Hate grows towards

894
01:15:54,500 --> 01:15:57,492
foreigners, other languages
and other religions.

895
01:15:59,060 --> 01:16:02,371
Once again the former minister
of Defense Radionov.

896
01:16:03,220 --> 01:16:07,578
Russian mass media are working
against Russia and its people,

897
01:16:07,780 --> 01:16:11,614
because they are controlled
by the Jewish mafia.

898
01:16:14,140 --> 01:16:18,213
The next speaker - Ragozin.
Please.

899
01:16:21,860 --> 01:16:24,773
Mr. Ragozine drives
the Russian delegation

900
01:16:24,940 --> 01:16:27,739
to the Council of Europe.

901
01:16:27,940 --> 01:16:29,851
He expressed his concerns many times

902
01:16:30,060 --> 01:16:32,415
in front of the rebirth
of fascism in Europe.

903
01:16:32,660 --> 01:16:35,493
In Russia its concerns
are clearly different.

904
01:16:36,420 --> 01:16:38,855
His election campaign clip:

905
01:16:52,460 --> 01:16:54,895
Pick it up!
Clean up after yourself!!

906
01:16:59,380 --> 01:17:01,417
Do you understand Russian?

907
01:17:02,660 --> 01:17:05,937
We will clean up Moscow
of this garbage!

908
01:17:08,540 --> 01:17:11,054
Deputy Kurjanovich, you have the floor.

909
01:17:11,620 --> 01:17:14,419
Me, State Duma deputy
of the LDPR fraction

910
01:17:14,620 --> 01:17:18,659
N.Kurjanoviés, member
of the safety committee

911
01:17:18,860 --> 01:17:23,013
I want to greet everyone
the patriots of Russia.

912
01:17:23,540 --> 01:17:25,611
Glory to Russia!

913
01:17:29,980 --> 01:17:32,733
A Nazi salute
in the Russian parliament.

914
01:17:33,740 --> 01:17:37,131
You think it's not possible
to go further? you are wrong.

915
01:17:39,380 --> 01:17:42,896
Russian National Socialists
stopped us.

916
01:17:45,700 --> 01:17:47,577
Glory to Russia!

917
01:17:54,980 --> 01:17:57,540
This shocking video is
one among others

918
01:17:57,700 --> 01:18:00,818
which is published on the site
National Socialists of Russia.

919
01:18:01,020 --> 01:18:04,012
When it attracted attention
global media,

920
01:18:04,220 --> 01:18:07,292
the Russian government
ends up closing the site,

921
01:18:07,500 --> 01:18:10,618
calling him
American provocation.

922
01:18:12,620 --> 01:18:17,649
The thing was turned into a farce
to cast doubt on its veracity.

923
01:18:18,940 --> 01:18:24,652
Unfortunately the assassinations
visible in this video are real.

924
01:18:25,700 --> 01:18:29,455
Hundreds every year
throughout Russia.

925
01:18:30,820 --> 01:18:35,530
The parents' grief is
absolutely real.

926
01:18:37,860 --> 01:18:42,696
Turn a tragedy into a farce
has become a standard in Russia.

927
01:18:43,660 --> 01:18:49,053
The mockery of the Ukrainian famine
or the Jewish holocaust is the norm,

928
01:18:49,260 --> 01:18:54,778
because the assassination can be justified
when it “cleans” society.

929
01:18:59,060 --> 01:19:02,780
RADKO MLADIC
war criminal,
assassin of 8300

930
01:19:02,780 --> 01:19:08,776
RADKO MLADIC
war criminal,
assassin of 8300

931
01:19:09,660 --> 01:19:11,776
Assassins become heroes!

932
01:19:11,980 --> 01:19:14,859
Mass murderers
are decorated veterans.

933
01:19:15,060 --> 01:19:16,494
We teach the youth
that crimes,

934
01:19:16,700 --> 01:19:21,137
that these people committed
against humanity are exploits.

935
01:19:21,860 --> 01:19:25,854
It is not surprising that
these crimes be imitated.

936
01:19:26,780 --> 01:19:28,737
Glory to Russia!

937
01:19:38,980 --> 01:19:43,656
Katyn.

938
01:19:44,940 --> 01:19:48,774
Lviv.

939
01:19:49,460 --> 01:19:54,853
Vinnica.

940
01:19:55,380 --> 01:19:56,859
Tartu.

941
01:19:57,020 --> 01:20:01,173
Europe has the possibility
to condemn these crimes

942
01:20:01,380 --> 01:20:04,498
and request extradition
responsible criminals.

943
01:20:05,580 --> 01:20:08,857
Yet Europe hesitates.
For what?

944
01:20:11,300 --> 01:20:19,458
We know that Europe
depends on Russian gas and oil.

945
01:20:19,940 --> 01:20:25,014
We know very well why

946
01:20:25,220 --> 01:20:36,450
Europe does not want to oppose
Russia in so many issues.

947
01:20:38,140 --> 01:20:41,260
GIRTS VALDIS KRISTOVSKIS
Member of Parliament
European
Unfortunately Europe continues

948
01:20:41,260 --> 01:20:42,375
GIRTS VALDIS KRISTOVSKIS
Member of Parliament
European
Unfortunately Europe continues

949
01:20:42,540 --> 01:20:46,773
to ignore Soviet crimes,
mass executions

950
01:20:47,220 --> 01:20:52,659
and millions of victims
are ignored by Europe.

951
01:20:53,260 --> 01:20:55,420
MICHAEL GAHLER
Member of Parliament
European
All victims have the same right:

952
01:20:55,420 --> 01:20:57,889
MICHAEL GAHLER
Member of Parliament
European
All victims have the same right:

953
01:20:58,100 --> 01:21:01,980
know that the criminal has received his punishment.

954
01:21:03,100 --> 01:21:08,254
...But the world
doesn't work that way.

955
01:21:08,860 --> 01:21:12,535
For example in the case of Katyn.

956
01:21:12,740 --> 01:21:19,009
are well known the names and
addresses of Soviet officers,

957
01:21:19,220 --> 01:21:22,531
responsible for the executions.

958
01:21:25,580 --> 01:21:28,459
But, if we initiated an investigation
these assassins could

959
01:21:28,660 --> 01:21:32,494
go to Great Britain.
They would be safe there,

960
01:21:32,700 --> 01:21:36,011
since this state does not consider
this as a war crime.

961
01:21:48,260 --> 01:21:51,969
And other Soviet crimes
are not considered crimes.

962
01:21:53,060 --> 01:21:56,098
Their victims disappear

963
01:21:56,300 --> 01:21:59,019
little by little, not receiving
neither comfort nor justice.

964
01:22:00,180 --> 01:22:03,775
In the European Union
it's reserved for other victims.

965
01:22:07,060 --> 01:22:11,019
This monument in the center of Europe,
makes one think of thinking

966
01:22:11,220 --> 01:22:15,214
that he is here because
many Europeans

967
01:22:15,420 --> 01:22:20,574
still believe what these
two men proclaimed:

968
01:22:20,780 --> 01:22:25,900
The extermination of inferior peoples
should not be considered a crime:

969
01:22:26,140 --> 01:22:32,250
this allows developed people
to build a better life.

970
01:22:33,980 --> 01:22:36,335
As long as this idea remains alive

971
01:22:36,620 --> 01:22:40,329
and as long as the ghosts of these
two men will haunt Europe,

972
01:22:40,540 --> 01:22:45,455
it will be very difficult for its people
to access true unity.

973
01:22:51,180 --> 01:22:55,777
The USSR exterminated more than 20 million
men, women and children.

974
01:22:56,780 --> 01:23:00,660
This film is dedicated to them.

975
01:23:06,340 --> 01:23:12,575
translation: Ansis Reinhards